Overview
The city of Ningbo is located in the northeastern corner of Zhejiang Province, roughly 125 kilometers, as the crow flies, east-southeast of the city of Hangzhou , across Hangzhou Bay from Shanghai , i.e., south of Shanghai, and facing the East China Sea to the east. The city, whose name means "Serene (Ning) waves (bo)" (surely a reference to Hangzhou Bay to the north), is a major port city, and, as will be seen in the brief history below, got its start as a significant modern port city thanks to its role as a so-called Treaty Port, as part of the so-called Unequal Treaties outcome that resulted from the Opium Wars (1839-42 and 1856-60), albeit, "thanks" is hardly the word that the Chinese themselves would use to describe the humiliation that the Unequal Treaties' "Colonial era" represented for the country, but which nevertheless hastened the demise of the feudalistic Imperial era, ushering in the Republic of China in 1912.